The European Union’s strive for decarbonisation

Contents

1. INTRODUCTION ... 3
   
2. DIFFERENT STARTING POINTS FOR THE 27 MEMBER STATES ... 5
   
3. KEY POLICY TOOLS TO ADVANCE DECARBONISATION IN ALL MEMBER STATES ... 7

3.1 CLIMATE MEASURES APPLIED TO ECONOMIC SECTORS ACROSS THE EU ... 7

3.2 INDIVIDUAL NATIONAL CLIMATE TARGETS APPLIED TO THE MEMBER STATES ... 9

3.3 FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR THE GREEN TRANSITION ... 10

The Just Transition Mechanism ... 11

The Social Climate Fund ... 13

The Modernisation Fund ... 13

The Innovation Fund ... 13

4. THE EU DECISION-MAKING PROCESS FACILITATING SUPPORT FOR CLIMATE POLICIES ... 14

4.1 THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION ... 15

4.2 THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ... 16

4.3 THE EU CITIZENS ... 18

5. THE GOVERNANCE MECHANISM ENSURING IMPLEMENTATION OF CLIMATE POLICIES ... 19
   
6. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND OUTLOOK FOR THE EU’S 2030 CLIMATE TARGET ... 21

6.1 ENERGY RESPONSE TO RUSSIA’S INVASION OF UKRAINE ... 22

6.2 THE EU’S INDUSTRIAL PLAN FOR REACHING NET-ZERO EMISSIONS ... 24

6.3 PROSPECTS FOR REACHING THE 2030 GHG EMISSION REDUCTION TARGET ... 27

7. CONCLUDING REMARKS ... 28

ANNEX - THE MAIN EU INSTITUTIONS INVOLVED IN DECISION-MAKING ... 30

THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION ... 30

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ... 32

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ... 34